BIpolar

Thought Processes Associated With Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder, formerly known as manic depression. It’s characterized by extreme mood swings from high to low that take place over weeks or months. Contrary to popular belief, a bipolar person doesn’t just “switch” from happy to sad in an instant. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, behavior, judgment, and the ability to think clearly. Each mood episode has several hallmark thought processes, and understanding them can help those seeking treatment through therapy.

Defining Bipolar Disorder

There are four main types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and unspecified types. Bipolar I is defined by periods of mania followed by depressive episodes. Those with bipolar II experience hypomania, which is a milder type of mania, followed by major depressive episodes. Cyclothymia is defined by hypomanic episodes followed by depressive episodes that don’t meet the criteria for major depressive disorder.

When discussing the thought processes associated with bipolar disorder, it’s important to consider whether they occur during mania/hypomania or depression. Each mood episode has its effects on the brain.

Manic and Hypomanic Processes

During manic or hypomanic episodes, a person with bipolar disorder experiences many symptoms, including:

  • An upbeat mood

  • Increased energy

  • Irritability and agitation

  • Euphoria

  • Increased self-confidence

  • Excessive talkativeness

  • Poor decision-making (i.e. spending sprees, gambling, risky sexual behavior, increased drug use)

  • Heightened creativity

The thought processes during a manic episode are characterized by moving quickly from idea to impulse. A person may experience:

  • Racing thoughts

They may feel an overwhelming flood of ideas and thoughts, often so fast that they have difficulty focusing on one thing. This can make it hard to pay attention and finish daily tasks.

  • Grandiosity

During mania, one tends to overestimate abilities or importance. During a manic episode, one may believe they’re invincible, hatch unrealistic plans, or think they’re famous. These delusions of grandeur can fuel impulsive, risky behavior.

  • Distractibility or Flights of Ideas

A person experiencing mania has increased sensitivity to external stimuli—for example, traffic lights, passing sirens, or ringing phones. These minor distractions can derail their thoughts. They may also believe that these distractions mean something significant.

Depressive Thought Processes

Depressive episodes are the polar opposite of mania. Typical symptoms include:

  • Feeling sad or hopeless

  • Feeling worthless, guilty, or ashamed

  • Tearfulness

  • Fatigue

  • Slowed speech

  • Changes in weight

  • Sleep disturbances

  • Indecisiveness

  • Self-harm

  • Suicidal ideation

Thought patterns during a depressive episode tend to make symptoms worse. These include:

  • Cognitive distortions

Depression fuels irrational thought loops and errors in judgment. Cognitive distortions include black-and-white thinking, overgeneralization, mind reading, personalization, and catastrophizing. These all involve relying on feelings rather than facts to reach conclusions about one’s self-worth and relationships with others.

  • Rumination

A person in a depressive episode may tend to dwell on negative thoughts or past events. Repetitively focusing on mistakes, traumas, lost relationships, and other difficult moments in life only fuels feelings of despair.

Bipolar Disorder and Memory

Studies have recently shown that bipolar disorder can affect working memory. That is the temporary information the brain holds onto to make connections and decisions in daily life. Those with bipolar disorder report changes in their memory during mood episodes, particularly during depression.

Getting Help

If you’ve been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, or you think you may have it, talk to a mental health professional about your treatment options. Bipolar disorder is typically managed through a combination of prescribed mood stabilizers (and sometimes antidepressants) and psychotherapy. With the help of a therapist, you can learn to recognize these thought processes and challenge them. With the right treatment plan, a person with bipolar disorder can live a fulfilling life.

To find out more about how therapy can ease the symptoms of bipolar disorder, please reach out to us.

Quick support for bipolar and depression stuff: quotes!

I intended to have this ready in time for World Bipolar Day, which was March 30. And it’s months late. This is because my brain is often on fire, and when it is, writing words is hard. When you have 5-50 ideas streaming through your head, you struggle to follow one of them. All the ideas feel equally important and then begin to feel utterly unattainable. Eventually, I cycle into more focused productivity. So here I am—getting the brain fire all over again, so I will save exploring this introductory statement for another post, perhaps about the similarities between ADHD, anxiety, and bipolar spectrum or perhaps about racing thoughts, creative ideas, or energy fluctuations. The complexity and subtle nuances of mood disorders simultaneously fascinate me and make me want to punch a wall. How do you reckon with the nuance, cycles, and mood surprises? Quotes can be a start.

Bipolar disorder affects an estimated 5 million adults every year in America and around 40 million globally. Because of the deep stigma and misunderstanding of the illness as well as the illness’s symptoms, many people living with a bipolar spectrum or mood disorder cycle through feeling very alone, confused, hopeless, and overwhelmed. Our thoughts can be our enemies; our decisions can lead to cleaning up lots of messes, and sometimes when in the throes of an ‘episode,’ we do have the insight to look for support. But during Hard Times, support is often difficult to ask for, and we need something now. Getting a moment of reprieve when reading a quote can make the cycle more bearable.

Quotes can be a refuge, giving someone a sense that they are not alone and that others are having similar challenges. Also, it’s hard for some to read complex sentences and passages when in the throes of a mood event. Quotes lean towards simplicity and efficiency.

Not all of the people quoted have/had a mood disorder; although some did/do. Take what you want from the ideas. Notice what resonates. Notice what doesn’t.

Melancholia is the beginning and a part of mania . . . . The development of a mania is really a worsening of the disease (melancholia) rather than a change into another disease. —Aretaeus of Cappadocia (possibly one of the earliest quotes about mood disorders, 30-90 AD)

Diseases have no eyes. They pick with a dizzy finger anyone, just anyone. –Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street

At times, being bipolar can be an all-consuming challenge, requiring a lot of stamina and even more courage, so if you’re living with this illness and functioning at all, it’s something to be proud of, not ashamed of. —Carrie Fisher

Sometimes I sound like gravel, and sometimes I sound like coffee and cream.—Nina Simone

That's the thing about depression: A human being can survive almost anything, as long as she sees the end in sight. But depression is so insidious, and it compounds daily, that it's impossible to ever see the end. —Elizabeth Wurtzel

Those who love you are not fooled by mistakes you have made or dark images you hold about yourself. They remember your beauty when you feel ugly; your wholeness when you are broken; your innocence when you feel guilty; and your purpose when you are confused. –Alan Cohen

I have just now come from a party where I was its life and soul; witticisms streamed from my lips, everyone laughed and admired me, but I went away — yes, the dash should be as long as the radius of the earth's orbit ——————————— and wanted to shoot myself. ― Søren Kierkegaard

My own brain is to me the most unaccountable of machinery - always buzzing, humming, soaring roaring diving, and then buried in mud. And why? What's this passion for? ― Virginia Woolf

Anybody remotely interesting is mad in some way or another. ― Steven Moffat

Being bipolar is like not knowing how to swim. It might be embarrassing to tell people, and it might be hard to take you certain places. But they have arm floaties. And if you just take your arm floaties, you can go wherever the hell you want. —Taylor Tomlison

All that I want is to wake up fine. —Paramore

Do not judge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up again. —Nelson Mandela

Until recently, I lived in denial and isolation and in constant fear someone would expose me. It was too heavy a burden to carry, and I simply couldn’t do that anymore. I sought and received treatment, I put positive people around me, and I got back to doing what I love. –Mariah Carey

If you’re going through hell, keep going. —Winston Churchill

If you know someone who’s depressed, please resolve never to ask them why. Depression isn’t a straightforward response to a bad situation; depression just is, like the weather. —Stephen Fry

In my episodes, I tend to oscillate quickly between hyper anxiety, paranoia, suicidal thoughts and shame … I have been on medication for 5 years, and that initiated a drastic diminish in the intensity and duration of episodes. —Mary Lambert

Madness is to think of too many things in succession too fast, or of one thing too exclusively. —Voltaire

When I am high I couldn’t worry about money if I tried. So I don’t. The money will come from somewhere; I am entitled; God will provide. Credit cards are disastrous, personal checks worse. Unfortunately, for manics anyway, mania is a natural extension of the economy. What with credit cards and bank accounts there is little beyond reach. —Kay Redfield Jamison

It can be a long and difficult road, but mental illness is treatable. There is hope, even when your brain tells you there isn’t. —John Green

You be so high you can shake hands with somebody in the sky. —Champion Jack Dupree

The cruelest curse of the disease is also its most sacred promise: You will not feel this way forever.
― Terri Cheney

But I can hardly sit still. I keep fidgeting, crossing one leg and then the other. I feel like I could throw off sparks, or break a window--maybe rearrange all the furniture. —Raymond Carver

The difference between hope and despair is a different way of telling stories from the same facts.
― Alain de Botton

Nobody would believe what an effort it is to do what little I am able, - to dress and entertain, and order things. ― Charlotte Perkins Gilman

In the lives of the saddest of us, there are bright days like this, when we feel as if we could take the great world in our arms and kiss it. Then come the gloomy hours, when the fire will neither burn on our hearths nor in our hearts; and all without and within is dismal, cold and dark. Believe me, every heart has its secret sorrows, which the world knows not, and oftentimes we call a man cold, when he is only sad. --Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

First, silence makes us pilgrims. Secondly, silence guards the fire within. Thirdly, silence teaches us to speak.—Henri J.M. Nouwen

One of the oldest human needs is having someone to wonder where you are when you don't come home at night. —Margaret Mead

It’s not the load that breaks you down, it’s the way you carry it. – Lena Horne

Isn’t it nice to think that tomorrow is a new day with no mistakes in it yet? – L. M. Montgomery

I'm not bipolar, I've just had a bipolar life foisted upon me.—Unknown

Meanwhile in my head, I’m undergoing open-heart surgery.—Anne Sexton

Anxiety was born in the very same moment as mankind. And since we will never be able to master it, we will have to learn to live with it—just as we have learned to live with storms. —Paulo Coelho

What's been important in my understanding of myself and others is the fact that each one of us is so much more than any one thing. A sick child is much more than his or her sickness. A person with a disability is much, much more than a handicap. A pediatrician is more than a medical doctor. You're MUCH more than your job description or your age or your income or your output. —Fred Rogers

One of the things so bad about bipolar disorder is that if you don’t have prior awareness, you don’t have any idea what hit you. – Unknown

The mania is like wasps under the skin, like my head’s going to explode with ideas. – Alice Weaver Flaherty

Do I fear the sleepless nights? You have no idea how long the dark lasts when you cannot close your eyes to it. – Tyler Knott Gregson

Sometimes, even to live is an act of courage. – Seneca

Suicide too often results from the impulsive nature and physical speed of mania coupled with depression’s paranoid self-loathing. – Unknown

I’m fine, but I’m bipolar. I’m on seven medications, and I take medication three times a day. This constantly puts me in touch with the illness I have. I’m never quite allowed to be free of that for a day. It’s like being a diabetic. – Carrie Fisher

You may encounter many defeats, but you must not be defeated. In fact, it may be necessary to encounter the defeats, so you can know who you are, what you can rise from, how you can still come out of it. —Maya Angelou

Bipolar disorder thinking is always unreasonable and unrealistic. Always. There are no exceptions. So if your normally reasonable partner is being unreasonable, you know that you are dealing with bipolar disorder and not with a personality flaw.
― Julie A. Fast

That’s my messy, disorganized quote bonanza. Someday, I’ll categorize, and for now, it is what it is. Remember, you are not alone! And reach out if you’d like to talk.